Math Art Part 5: Distance Estimated 3D Fractals

Systems and distance estimator functions were developed by the fractal forums community as described in the eight-part blog series by Syntopia:

http://blog.hvidtfeldts.net/index.php/2011/06/distance-estimated-3d-fractals-part-i/

Visuals (programming and design) by Marcus Volz created with Houdini, Copernicus and OpenCL.

Sound by Marcus Volz created with AbletonLive.

The shader implementation uses raymarching and the Phong lighting model (ambient + diffuse + specular) with ambient occlusion:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_reflection_model


Amazing Surface Fractal

Developed by Kali / DarkBeam

Historical link: http://www.fractalforums.com/mandelbulb-3d/custom-formulas-and-transforms-release-t17106/

Based on the distance estimator implementation in Mandelbulber:

https://github.com/buddhi1980/mandelbulber2/blob/master/mandelbulber2/formula/opencl/amazing_surf.cl


Dodecahedral Kaleidoscopic IFS Fractal

System and distance estimator by knighty / fractalforums (2010):

Historical link: https://www.fractalforums.com/sierpinski-gasket/kaleidoscopic-(escape-time-ifs)//)

Based on the distance estimator implementation in Fragmentarium:

https://github.com/Syntopia/Fragmentarium/blob/master/Fragmentarium-Source/Examples/Kaleidoscopic%20IFS/Dodecahedron.frag


Icosahedral Kaleidoscopic IFS Fractal

System and distance estimator by knighty / fractalforums (2010):

Historical link: https://www.fractalforums.com/sierpinski-gasket/kaleidoscopic-(escape-time-ifs)//)

Based on the distance estimator implementation in Fragmentarium:

https://github.com/Syntopia/Fragmentarium/blob/master/Fragmentarium-Source/Examples/Kaleidoscopic%20IFS/Icosahedron.frag


Mandelbox

Mandelbox by Tom Lowe (2010):

https://sites.google.com/site/mandelbox/what-is-a-mandelbox

Distance estimator described by Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen (Syntopia):

http://blog.hvidtfeldts.net/index.php/2011/11/distance-estimated-3d-fractals-vi-the-mandelbox/


Mandelbulb

Developed by White & Nylander (2009).

Description and distance estimator provided in the blog series by Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen (Syntopia):

http://blog.hvidtfeldts.net/index.php/2011/06/distance-estimated-3d-fractals-part-i/


Menger Sponge Kaleidoscopic IFS Fractal

System and distance estimator by knighty / fractalforums (2010):

Historical link: https://www.fractalforums.com/sierpinski-gasket/kaleidoscopic-(escape-time-ifs)//)


Octahedral Kaleidoscopic IFS Fractal

System and distance estimator by knighty / fractalforums (2010):

Historical link: https://www.fractalforums.com/sierpinski-gasket/kaleidoscopic-(escape-time-ifs)//)


Pseudo Kleinian 3D Fractal

Developed by Theli-at / Knighty / fractalforums:

http://blog.hvidtfeldts.net/index.php/2012/05/distance-estimated-3d-fractals-part-viii-epilogue/

Based on the distance estimator implementation in Fragmentarium:

https://github.com/Syntopia/Fragmentarium/blob/master/Fragmentarium-Source/Examples/Knighty%20Collection/PseudoKleinian.frag


Quaternion Julia Set Fractal

Developed by (Hart et al, 1989). Background and distance estimator:

https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~deb39/Classes/Papers/rtqjs.pdf


Tetrahedral Kaleidoscopic IFS Fractal

System and distance estimator by knighty / fractalforums:

Historical link: https://www.fractalforums.com/sierpinski-gasket/kaleidoscopic-(escape-time-ifs)//)